There are various ways to find put the system hardware information. I have list below few of them.
1. cat
Another way to get such details is use following command:
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
In Ubuntu system information are stored in some system files. To know all this information first you need to know at what file which information is stored. Once you came to know about that then you can get all information using just basic commands.
Cat is such basic command to show the content within file.
Sample Output:
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 42
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2450M CPU @ 2.50GHz
stepping : 7
microcode : 0x1b
cpu MHz : 2501.000
cache size : 3072 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 4
core id : 0
cpu cores : 2
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx lahf_lm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid
bogomips : 4988.78clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
As i have Intel i5 processor, its showing repeated same info for all other 3 core. To make this post short I had eliminated that. When you try on your system you will find whole output.
2. Dmidecode
dmidecode is a tool for dumping a computer's DMI (some say SMBIOS) table contents in a human-readable format. This table contains a description of the system's hardware components, as well as other useful pieces of information such as serial numbers and BIOS revision. Thanks to this table, you can retrieve this information without having to probe for the actual hardware. While this is a good point in terms of report speed and safeness, this also makes the presented information possibly unreliable.
As you run it, dmidecode will try to locate the DMI table. If it succeeds, it will then parse this table and display a list of records like this one:
Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 8 bytes. Base Board Information
Manufacturer: Intel
Product Name: C440GX+
Version: 727281-001
Serial Number: INCY92700942
DMI TYPES
Type Information
────────────────────────────────────────
0 BIOS
1 System
2 Base Board
3 Chassis
4 Processor
5 Memory Controller
6 Memory Module
7 Cache
8 Port Connector
9 System Slots
10 On Board Devices
11 OEM Strings
12 System Configuration Options
13 BIOS Language
14 Group Associations
15 System Event Log
16 Physical Memory Array
17 Memory Device
18 32-bit Memory Error
19 Memory Array Mapped Address
20 Memory Device Mapped Address
21 Built-in Pointing Device
22 Portable Battery
23 System Reset
24 Hardware Security
25 System Power Controls
26 Voltage Probe
27 Cooling Device
28 Temperature Probe
29 Electrical Current Probe
30 Out-of-band Remote Access
31 Boot Integrity Services
32 System Boot
33 64-bit Memory Error
34 Management Device
35 Management Device Component
36 Management Device Threshold Data
37 Memory Channel
38 IPMI Device
39 Power Supply
40 Additional Information
41 Onboard Device
You can use this type to get particular information.
Example: If I need to get information about BIOS only then I will use
sudo dmidecode --type 1
To get information about BIOS Language use
sudo dmidecode --type 13
To get both BIOS and BIOS Language use
sudo dmidecode -- type 1 --type 13
To have information about particular component use respective type number.
3. ls*
Simply using ls will show you list of files and directory.
lscpu
lscpu gathers CPU architecture information like number of CPUs, threads, cores, sockets, NUMA nodes, information about CPU caches, CPU family, model, bogoMIPS, byte order and stepping from sysfs and /proc/cpuinfo, and prints it in a human-readable format. It supports both online and offline CPUs.
lspci
lspci is a utility for displaying information about PCI buses in the system and devices connected to them.
lsmod
lsmod is a trivial program which nicely formats the contents of the /proc/modules, showing what kernel modules are currently loaded.
lsusb
lsusb is a utility for displaying information about USB buses in the system and the devices connected to them.
lsof
lsof lists on its standard output file information about files opened by processes.
lshw
lshw is a small tool to extract detailed information on the hardware configuration of the machine. It can report exact memory configuration, firmware version, mainboard configuration, CPU version and speed, cache configuration, bus speed, etc.
lsblk
lsblk lists information about all or the specified block devices. The lsblk command reads the sysfs filesystem to gather information.
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